THE ELEMENTSGeology is a science of such rapid growth that no apology is expected when from time to time a new text book is added to those already in the field. The present work, however, is the outcome of the need of a text book of very simple outline, in which causes and their consequences should be knit together as closely as possible,a need long felt by the author in his teaching, and perhaps by other teachers also. The author has ventured, therefore, to